Yes. They range in size from extremely large that last for days (can’t find a good one to link to) to extremely small, put on by the local school or church for a few hours. They also aren’t limited to Christmas specific. There are art/makers fairs throughout the year.
I wouldn’t call them swap meets, that’s probably a regional thing. Around here actual swap meets still exist - but mostly for car enthusiasts as far I can tell.
I think they started out that way, but then people discovered this thing called “cash,” which acts as a means of exchange. Then, the credit card. Let me go into my region to see what they call them here. “Flea market”? Googling “Swap Meet,” I find several, and they appear to mainly use cash and not barter.
There are at least a couple in the Chicago area. I’ve not been to either (yet?), so can’t comment other than I’m absolutely positive that the ones in the Chicago area would not look as nice as that picture.
I’ve been to the downtown one in Chicago, and can confirm it’s pretty nice if not quite as picturesque as the ones in Europe. It’s just different with big skyscrapers vs. Bavarian architecture. Time your travels with the holiday themed L-train to make it an extra festive visit. g-lassie and I always enjoy going and usually meet up with MIL, who comes in from the burbs to partake in some mulled wine and pretzels. Last year was extra nice as we got lucky with the weather making it a giant snow globe.
Then the Wrigleyville one is pretty nice too and has its own distinct vibe - more family friendly IMO. The skating rink is a unique feature for that one (I don’t skate but it’s fun to watch nevertheless).
I checked out one of the markets with my son. I might have enjoyed it, but he was bored to death and let me know it constantly. There were a lot of people, meaning anything worth seeing or eating had a huge line. And my son has no interest at all in food or drink. I heard someone say they ran out of pizza, which I found kind of funny at a place that passes itself off as being Bavarian. I’d go again, but would lose the kid and not go at primetime.
My city does have a Christmas market but I haven’t been yet. I do enjoy the atmosphere at the European markets though, so perhaps I should give the locals a look.